In the present study, we investigated the evolutionary history and genetic adaptations of white-bellied rats ( Niviventer Marshall, 1976), which are widespread in the natural terrestrial ecosystems in Asia but also known as important zoonotic pathogen vectors and transmitters. However, the ecological partitioning of these animals will likely lead to large variation in their responses to environmental change. Recent studies have highlighted the continued loss of megafauna in terrestrial ecosystems and the subsequent surge of small mammals, such as rodents, bats, lagomorphs, and insectivores. For organisms to survive and prosper in a harsh environment, particularly under rapid climate change, poses tremendous challenges.
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